Oluoch 1the african agricultural technology foundation 2international centre of insect physiology and ecology. Striga is ranked as the number one production constraint in maize production and is severe among 50% of households sampled. Maize is an important food in africa and the main ingredient in several wellknown national dishes. Assessment of maize zea mays as feed resource for poultry. Effect of row spacing and plant population on maize yield and. Jun 25, 2018 the conabio report recognizes maize as indispensable to the future of the global food system and inextricably entwined with mexican national and indigenous identities. The highest maize production in the country was reported in the district of iganga with 303,262 tonnes according to ubos 2012.
Factors influencing maize crop production at household levels. However, despite the production strength, indian corn yields are significantly below the. It is grown over an area of 140 million hectares with production of six million tons annually. History of kenyan maize production, marketing and policies lilian kirimi. Harvesting harvest maize as soon as ripe for the purpose desired, undue delay in. Ethiopia has doubled its maize productivity and production in less than two decades. Technical considerations for maize flour and corn meal forti. The way maize is processed and consumed greatly varies from country to country, with maize flour and meal being the most popular products 1, 2. Constraints and opportunities of maize production in western. Maize is a food crop of utmost importance in various parts of the world. Importance of crop rotation in organic farming farmers planting maize. Maize is the most important cereal crop produced in ghana and it is also the.
Cereal, fermentation, maize, microorganisms, ogi 1 introduction1 like rice and wheat, maize is an important cereal used globally for the production of several products. Jul 26, 2015 maize became increasingly important in the food security of ethiopia following the major drought and famine that occurred in 1984. The response of maize production in kenya to economic. The maize industry is important to the economy both as an employer and earner of foreign currency because of its multiplier effects. Although maize is original from mesoamerica, it is very adaptable to different weathers, and nowadays its consumption. According to advance estimate it is cultivated in 8. While in western countries maize production is highly mechanized, in many. Africans consume maize as a starchy base in a wide variety, thus, playing an important role in filling the hunger gap after the dry season anonymous, 2007.
Key agricultural crop in food security and sovereignty in a. Many farmers who plant before the rains start have noticed a great improvement in the maize yield and income carrots. The ghana grains development project 19791997 and the food crops development project 20002008 made major investments to improve maize yield. Its major nutritional limitation has been the low protein content and poor protein quality, which necessitates the use of expensive high. Itisnow increasingly used both separately as well as in mixed flour with other more expensive cereals in traditional ethiopian diets. This represents 24% of the total cereal production as compared to 27 % for wheat and 25% for rice. Nov 25, 2020 the importance of wild relatives and maize landrace accessions in providing valuable genes for various important traits has been discussed. Removal of male inflorescence from the monoecious crop. Maize zeta mays is one of the most important cereal crop in the world which is ranked second to wheat production, first in africa and latin america but third after rice and wheat in asia.
Grain maize is an important cash crop for farms without livestock above all in bavaria and. Starting maize farming business plan pdf startupbiz global. Maize production has increased the most because of its greater adaptation to different ecological systems and strong demand for bioethanol and animal feed and for the production of. Maize production in india has grown at a cagr of 5. In maize, row spacing was initially set at about 100 cm to accommodate the real horsepower required to pull the tillage and other implements of the early 1900s. Most of the maize grain produced is used as animal feed, but in some. Factors that transformed maize productivity in ethiopia. Fall armyworm faw in africa has the potential to cause maize yield losses in a range from 8. Crop occupies the third position next to rice and wheat in area and production.
The questions mainly aimed at determining the importance of maize crop in the livelihoods of surveyed households and their maize production characteristics, for example, the uses of modern technologies in production process. Considering the low average maize grain yields that are still pervasive in farmers fields, meeting the projected increase demand for maize grain in africa presents a challenge. Cont white maize is the most important cereal in tanzania, accounting for about 70% of annual cereal production got, 2018. Effect of row spacing and plant population on maize yield. It is designed to senre as a basic reference document for. In some countries of the world, the staple food is derived from maize meal. Pdf global maize production, utilization, and consumption. The maize agrifood systems crp focuses on sub tropical maize in the low and middleincome countries that provide 64% of total maize production and where maize plays a key role in the food. More than 9 million smallholder households, more than for any other crop in the country, grow maize in ethiopia at present. Apr 04, 2020 maize, otherwise known as corn, is important to the economy due to its wide range of uses.
It is also used to create a variety of food and nonfood products, such as corn meal, sweeteners, corn oil, starch and ethanol, which is used as a cleanerburning alternative to gasoline. Maize is an important food crop in ghana, accounting for more than 50 percent of the countrys total cereal production. The importance of wild relatives and maize landrace accessions in providing valuable genes for various important traits has been discussed. Maize is primarily used as feed for livestock, suggesting the dependence of the livestock industry on corn production. Economic importance it is staple human food, feed for livestock, for fermentation and many industrial uses. Hence the tassel should be removed before the shedding of pollen. Production and productivity of maize, sorghum, haricot bean mung bean cow pea and coffee are highly threatened by different diseases in south omo and segen peoples zone of southern nation nationality peoples region of ethiopia. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption.
Effect of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer on the. Research approaches ranked by likelihood of producing an impact on eliminating constraints to maize production. The average annual national maize consumption is estimated at over 3m metric tons mt usaid, 2017, while production in 2016 was 5. The maize represents to all maize based groups a source of life. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption ranum. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements. Maize is the most important staple in terms of calorie.
Per capita consumption is estimated at between 80 5 kgpersonyear. They feature a large hopper that feeds the uniformly sized maize kernels or wood pellets or cherry pits into the fire. Maize is the third most important cereal crop in india after rice and wheat. Assessment of important plant disease of major crops. This article outlines how to start a maize farming business and the maize farming business plan pdf, word and excel. Maize is an important cereal crop in nigeria and a versatile crop which ranks third following wheat and rice in world production food. Maize is not only a major cereal crop in the present day world but it. The global importance of maize diversity global alliance. For green maize production in particular and increased grain yield, apply 3 sprays of cymbush 10 ec of ambush 25 ec at the rate of 20ml10 liters of water at weekly interval, beginning from 50% silking. In zimbabwe, maize is one important cereal crop grown.
It accounts for 9 per cent of total food grain production in the country. Agronomy free fulltext estimation of maize zea mays l. Dec 15, 2015 maize, also known as corn zea mays l, has been recognised worldwide as a major energy feed ingredient in the diets of poultry. Microbial characterization of maize fermentation water. Assessment of important plant disease of major crops sorghum.
Maize is the most widely grown grain crop throughout the americas, with 361 million metric tons grown in the united states alone in 2014. There is a strong consumer preference for maize over droughtresistant grains like sorghum and millet. Over 80% of the households use the uprooting method to control striga in their farms. Jul 31, 2008 as regards to area and production maize ranks third in world production 380 mt from 120mh following wheat 440 mt from 240 mh and rice 420 mt from 140 mh. Fertilisation the fertiliser requirements of maize depends on the soil fertility and yield target. This have direct effect on the level of productivity, thus increased productivity contributed to economic development and policies for effective mobilization of the resources for transforming selfsufficient oriented maize farmers to commercial.
Regional workshop on an integrated policy approach to commercializing smallholder maize production. Wet milling produces industrial starch like sweeteners, also produces various modified maize starch for paper lamination, textile. Previous studies have revealed the importance of sorghum, maize, haricot bean mung bean cow pea and coffee diseases including anthracnose in the world at large and in africa in particular hulluka and esele 1992, king and mukur 1994, and esele 1995. In pakistan maize crop is mainly grown in two seasons i. The environmental impact of maize cultivation in the european union. It is most often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline. Therefore, the major objective of this maize seed production technique manual is to improve the knowledge to farmers about technical and management activities, including increment in production of quality seed of maize. It makes explicit the web of social, cultural, and environmental factors that influence maize production and consumption. Importance of nitrogen in maize production total reserve of n in the soil does not represen t the nutrient availability to the plants amado et a l. Previous studies have revealed the importance of sorghum, maize, haricot bean mung. Soil preparation and planting i seed preparation ii planting and population density 7.
This suggests ineffectiveness of pricing policies in raising maize production. Maize cultivation is limited by diseases which cause grain loss of about 11% of the total production. Maize production is now dominated by smallholder farmers since the advent of the fast track. Global maize production, utilization, and consumption peter ranum, 1 juan pablo penarosas. The average maize productivity in the eastern region is estimated to be 0. It is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin b, and minerals. History is often more important than science in determining the way that crops are grown. Review on economic efficiency of maize production in ethiopia. Finally, the study concluded by advocating adequate market with good stable prices for maize farmers products that would enhance maize production in the study area and the country at large. Wet milling produces industrial starch like sweeteners, also produces various modified maize starch for paper lamination. The response of maize production in kenya to economic incentives.
It is the staple cereal and it forms an important component of food security and livelihoods especially amongst smallholder farmers. Adoption and impacts of improved maize production technology. Maize production, economic analysis, peasant farmers. More than 70% of maize is produced by resource poor smallscale farmers in africa with a very low yield of less than 1. This represents a range of 21%53% of the annual production of maize averaged over a three year period in these countries. Demand of maize characteristics in the hills 26 maps. With increased production driving market prices down, maize became more affordable e. The importance of agriculture for development is recognized in the formulation of the sustainable. Mbithi 2000 analysed the influence of output prices, rainfall, liberalisation, fertiliser prices, and time trend on maize production in kenya using data for the period 1970 to 1998 in order to ascertain the determinants of maize production in the country and the. The following is an excerpt from the maps ii field st. Farmers planting maize importance of crop rotation in. Maize is relatively cheap and homeheating furnaces have been developed which use maize kernels as a fuel.
In terms of severity, striga currently claims over 40% of the households maize crop. Despite the fact that from the 1930s onwards horsepower was. Favourable weather conditions and a 14 percent increase in area cultivated to maize has resulted in an expected maize crop of 15. In india, maize is the third most important food crops after rice and wheat. Maize, production, worlds economy, food, cereal, health. Maize is the staple food in zambia and most smallscale farming households are engaged in maize production. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. The time taken for shedding of pollen from the tassel in 12 days after emergence. The questionnaire also sought information on the farm households farming practices as. Maize is the primary feedstuff used to produce ethanol. Maize is an important food crop but over the past decade, its demand as livestock feed has grown tremendously. Cimmyt supports future harvest, a public awareness campaign that builds understanding about the importance of agricultural issues and international. This is because maize also serves as a raw material for manufactured products such as paper, paint, textiles, medicine and food.
Problems and prospects of maize production agriculture. For maize farmers, access to fertilizer is an important input considered in the production decision. Seed rate seed rate for hybrid maize is 8 10 kg per acre in the case of ridges sowing. It comes after wheat and rice in terms of world importance. Maize production technologies in india icarindian institute of. White maize is the most important cereal in tanzania, accounting for about 70% of annual cereal production got, 2018.
Factors influencing maize crop production at household. The yield, currently estimated at 3 metric tonsha, is. Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world, and a greater weight of maize is produced each year than any other grain. Spring maize can be planted in the first week of february to first week of march or from middecember to midmarch and for autumn maize sowing time from midmay to august. Constraints and opportunities of maize production in. In demanddriven technologies for sustainable maize production in west and central africa, ed. May 15, 2003 the reader some important issues and details to familiarize with this fabulous foodgrain. Fertilizer is used predominantly on maize and agricultural. Physiology of maize chapter 5 maize cudtivation chapter chapter chapter i climatic requirements 11 soils 6. Agronomy free fulltext estimation of maize zea mays.
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